当前国际模具制造业在生产经营方面具有以下特点
(1)人员精简,“瘦”型管理。欧美模具企业大多数规模不大,员工人数超过百人的较少,所考察的模具企业人数一般都在20~50人。企业各类人员的配置十分精简,一专多能,一人多职,企业内部看不到闲人。精益生产、“瘦”型管理的思想得到了较好的体现。
(1) personnel streamlining and "lean" management. Most of the mould enterprises in Europe and the United States are small in scale, and the number of employees is less than 100. The number of mould enterprises surveyed is generally between 20 and 50. The allocation of all kinds of personnel in enterprises is very simplified, one specialist and multi-competent, one person and many posts, and there are no idle people in enterprises. The ideas of lean production and lean management have been well reflected.
(2)采用专业化,产品定位准。所考察的模具企业,大多数都是围绕汽车、电子等产业对各类模具的需求,确定自己的产品定位和市场定位。为了在市场竞争中求生存、求发展,每个模具厂家都有自己的优势技术和产品,并都采取专业化的生产方式。欧美大多数模具企业既有一批长期合作的模具用户,在大型模具公司周围又有一批模具生产协作厂家。这种互惠、互利、共赢、共存的合作伙伴关系,有的已持续了30~40年。
(2) Adopt specialization and accurate product positioning. Most of the mould enterprises surveyed are centering on the demand of automobile and electronics industries for various kinds of moulds to determine their own product positioning and market positioning. In order to survive and develop in the market competition, each mould manufacturer has its own advantages in technology and products, and adopts a professional production mode. Most die and mould enterprises in Europe and the United States have a group of long-term cooperation of die and mould users, and a group of die and mould manufacturers around large-scale die and mould companies. This kind of cooperative partnership of mutual benefit, win-win and coexistence has lasted for 30 to 40 years.
(3)采用先进的管理信息系统,实现集成化管理。欧美的模具企业,特别是规模较大的模具企业,基本上实现了计算机管理。从生产计划、工艺制定,到质检、库存、统计等,普遍使用了计算机,公司内各部门可通过计算机网络共享信息。
(3) Adopt advanced management information system to realize integrated management. The mould enterprises in Europe and America, especially the large-scale ones, have basically realized computer management. Computers are widely used in production planning, process planning, quality inspection, inventory, statistics and so on. All departments in the company can share information through computer networks.
(4)工艺管理先进,标准化程度高。与国内模具厂大多采取以钳工为主或钳工包干的生产组织模式不同,欧美的模具生产厂家是靠先进的工艺设备和工艺路线确保零件精度和生产进度。每副模具均有详细的设计图,包括每个零件的详细设计,并且都制定了详细的加工工艺。我国模具要走向世界,必须深化改革、扩大出口。欧美模具企业的先进技术和先进管理,使其生产的大型、精密、复杂模具,对促进汽车、电子、通讯、家电等产业的发展起了极其重要的作用,也给模具企业带来了良好的经济效益。中国的模具企业,人均年销售额在 20万美元左右;意大利人均年销售额也在 10万美元以上。与国内的模具企业相比,即使扣除价格因素的影响,欧美模具企业的生产效率也比我们高许多倍。
(4) Advanced process management and high degree of standardization. Unlike most domestic mould factories, which mainly adopt the production organization mode of benchmarking or benchmarking, European and American mould manufacturers rely on advanced process equipment and process routes to ensure the accuracy of parts and production progress. Each pair of dies has detailed design drawings, including the detailed design of each part, and has developed a detailed processing technology. In order to go to the world, we must deepen the reform and expand exports. The advanced technology and management of European and American mould enterprises make the large, precise and complex mould produced by them play an extremely important role in promoting the development of automobile, electronics, communications, household appliances and other industries, and also bring good economic benefits to the mould enterprises. The annual sales per capita of China's mould enterprises are about 200,000 US dollars, and that of Italy is over 100,000 US dollars. Compared with domestic die and mould enterprises, even after deducting the influence of price factors, the production efficiency of European and American die and mould enterprises is many times higher than ours.